IC693CPU370 亿佳有格局

IC693CPU370 亿佳有格局

矢量控制(VC)方式

矢量控制变频调速的做法是将异步电动机在三相坐标系下的定子电流Ia、Ib、Ic、通过三相－二相变换，等效成两相静止坐标系下的交流电流Ia1Ib1，再通过按转子磁场定向旋转变换，等效成同步旋转坐标系下的直流电流Im1、It1(Im1相当于直流电动机的励磁电流；It1相当于与转矩成正比的电枢电流)，然后模仿直流电动机的控制方法，求得直流电动机的控制量，经过相应的坐标反变换，实现对异步电动机的控制。其实质是将交流电动机等效为直流电动机，分别对速度，磁场两个分量进行独立控制。通过控制转子磁链，然后分解定子电流而获得转矩和磁场两个分量，经坐标变换，实现正交或解耦控制。矢量控制方法的提出具有划时代的意义。然而在实际应用中，由于转子磁链难以准确观测，系统特性受电动机参数的影响较大，且在等效直流电动机控制过程中所用矢量旋转变换较复杂，使得实际的控制效果难以达到理想分析的结果。 

直接转矩控制(DTC)方式

1985年，德国鲁尔大学的DePenbrock教授提出了直接转矩控制变频技术。该技术在很大程度上解决了上述矢量控制的不足，并以新颖的控制思想、简洁明了的系统结构、优良的动静态性能得到了迅速发展。该技术已成功地应用在电力机车牵引的大功率交流传动上。 直接转矩控制直接在定子坐标系下分析交流电动机的数学模型，控制电动机的磁链和转矩。它不需要将交流电动机等效为直流电动机，因而省去了矢量旋转变换中的许多复杂计算；它不需要模仿直流电动机的控制，也不需要为解耦而简化交流电动机的数学模型。 

矩阵式交—交控制方式

VVVF变频、矢量控制变频、直接转矩控制变频都是交—直—交变频中的一种。其共同缺点是输入功率因数低，谐波电流大，直流电路需要大的储能电容，再生能量又不能反馈回电网，即不能进行四象限运行。为此，矩阵式交—交变频应运而生。由于矩阵式交—交变频省去了中间直流环节，从而省去了体积大、价格贵的电解电容。它能实现功率因数为l，输入电流为正弦且能四象限运行，系统的功率密度大。该技术虽尚未成熟，但仍吸引着众多的学者深入研究。其实质不是间接的控制电流、磁链等量，而是把转矩直接作为被控制量来实现的。具体方法是： 

1、控制定子磁链引入定子磁链观测器，实现无速度传感器方式； 

2、自动识别(ID)依靠的电机数学模型，对电机参数自动识别； 

3、算出实际值对应定子阻抗、互感、磁饱和因素、惯量等算出实际的转矩、定子磁链、转子速度进行实时控制； 

4、实现Band—Band控制按磁链和转矩的Band—Band控制产生PWM信号，对逆变器开关状态进行控制。 

矩阵式交—交变频具有快速的转矩响应(<2ms)，很高的速度精度(±2%，无PG反馈)，高转矩精度(<+3%)；同时还具有较高的起动转矩及高转矩精度，尤其在低速时(包括0速度时)，可输出150%～200%转矩

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