6SL3055-0AA00-4CA5 PLC亿佳购
滤波稳压电路设计
1、滤波电路及器件选择
整流滤波电路通常有电容、电感和RC等滤波电路。电感滤波是利用电感对脉动电流产生反电动势,阻碍电流变化来实现的,电感越大,滤波效果越好。它一般用于负载电流大、对滤波要求不高的场台。RC滤波电路是电阻和电容连接使用的滤波电路,由于电阻会降低一部分直流电压,直流输出电压会减小,因此只适用于小电流电路。电容滤波是利用电容的充放电作用使整流输出电压变得平稳,而且电压幅值升高,滤波效果好,适于整流电路。滤波电容的选择主要是种类和容量、耐压值的确定。常用的整流滤波电容有铝电解、钽电解、涤纶、独石电容等。铝电解电容漏电流大,耐压和工作温度(高+70℃)较低,但容量大;钽电解电容漏电流小,耐压和工作温度比铝电解电容都高,一般用于要求较高的地方;涤纶电容绝缘电阻大,损耗小,工作温度(高+55℃)低,容量小,但耐压高;独石电容体积可以做得很小,耐压也可以做得很高,化学性能和热性能比较稳定,但容量小。一般当整流输出电流大时,用电解电容滤波稳压;输出电流小时,用一般电容或电解电容滤波都可以,如果对直流输出电压有纹波系数要求或者为了防止高频噪音,用电解电容和小容量无性电容并联使用效果较好:小容量电容可滤掉脉动直流中的高次谐波, 电解电容滤掉大幅值的低频成分,稳压范围宽、效果好。整流滤波电路对电容器的容量和耐压值要求不是太高,一般根据输出电流大小估算电容器的容量,输出电流大,容量就大;电流小,容量就小。但是,容量太大会降低输出电压值,太小则会导致电压脉动大、不稳定。容量确定可参考表1,耐压值一般取所接电路工作电压的1.5~2倍。
稳压电路及器件选择
稳压电路有分立元件稳压电路和集成稳压电路2种,其中集成稳压电路主要用于低电压小电流的整流电路,具有体积小,电路简单,稳压精度高,使用调试方便等特点。选择时首先要确定系列,是正电源还是负电源,是可调的还是固定的,其次是根据它的额定电压和额定电流选择具体型号;同时,稳压器在接入整流电路时要适当加一些保护元件,如在I/O端接二管可防止输入端短路,在输入端和地之间接一小电容,可限制输入电压幅值等。
直流电源的设计理论上比较简单,但在具体的工程设计中还需要进一步分析、研究、实践和总结。
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